Imaging permafrost with shallow P- and S-wave reflection

Shallow reflection events observed on coincident Pand Swave data from within the permafrost zone possess sufficient coherency and resolution potential to compensate conventional 2or 3-D data sets for structural artifacts related to lateral travel time variability. Reflections with dominant frequencies above 100 Hz on P-wave data and 40 Hz on S-wave data from within the permafrost have a very broad range of wavelet characteristics, which change vertically and laterally across the 1 km profiles. S-wave reflections appear much more continuous across the section when contrasted with the P-wave reflections. With the exception of the Iperk/MacKenzie reflection P-wave wavelet characteristics change quite dramatically across the almost 1km long shot gathers. Coincident interpretation of the Pand S-wave reflection data can address a variety of both engineering and petroleum exploration imaging problems.